Tawḥeed Ar Ruboobiyah (2/2)

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

The third aspect is to single Allāh as the One Who Runs all the affairs

Say (O Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم): "Who provides for you from the sky and the earth? Or who owns hearing and sight? And who brings out the living from the dead and brings out the dead from the living? And who disposes the affairs?" They will say: "Allâh." Say: "Will you not then be afraid of Allâh’s punishment (for setting up rivals in worship with Allâh)?" Such is Allâh, your Rabb in truth. So after the truth, what else can there be, save error? How then are you turned away? [10:31-32]

As for running of affairs by man then this is restricted to that which is under his own control and as permitted legally by Allāh.

This was the branch of Tawḥeed of affirming Ruboobiyyah meaning -singling Him as the Only Creator, as the One to Whom belongs the Kingdom and as the One Who runs the affairs of everything.

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This branch of Tawḥeed wasn't objected by the polytheists to whom Messenger ﷺ was sent -

And indeed if you ask them, "Who has created the heavens and the earth?" They will surely say: "The All-Mighty, the All-Knower created them." [43:9]

So they didn't object to it and confessed that it's Allāh Who Runs the affairs of all things and His is the Dominion of the heavens and the earth.

None of the children of ʾĀdam, the creatures stated that the universe has 2 creators, equal creators. None denied this aspect of Ruboobiyyah except that which came from firʿawn.

Firʿawn negated the Ruboobiyyah and existence of Allah and ascribed Ruboobiyyah to himself -

And they belied them (those Ayât) wrongfully and arrogantly, though their ownselves were convinced thereof [i.e. those (Ayât ) are from Allâh, and Mûsâ (Moses) is the Messenger of Allâh in truth, but they disliked to obey Mûsâ (Moses), and hated to believe in his Message of Monotheism].[27:14]

[Mûsâ (Moses)] said: "Verily, you know that these signs have been sent down by none but the Lord of the heavens and the earth (as clear evidence i.e. proofs of Allâh’s Oneness and His Omnipotence.).[17:102]

There was another type of association which came from the magians who said that the universe has to creators- darkness and light though they did not make these so-called creators as equal. They said light is better than darkness because it brings good and darkness creates evil so one which creates good is better. They also said darkness is non-existent as it brings no brightness but light is existence as it brings brightness so it's better. They make a third difference as well saying light is ancient and differ regarding darkness on whether it's also ancient or newly created.

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